Title of Article TNR 16, Bold, Single Space, Center

The title must be concise, clearly reflect the novelty of the research, use title capitalization, and contain no more than 15 words.

Author Name and Affiliation TNR 12, Single Space, Center

Write the author's full name without academic degree or position. Lecturer affiliations must include the study program, faculty, university, complete institutional address, and corresponding author's email. Other affiliations should be adjusted according to the author's professional status.

Abstract TNR 12, Bold Heading, Single Space

The abstract must contain a brief background, research objectives or scope, research method, principal findings, and conclusion. Provide abstracts in Indonesian and English, each in one paragraph and no more than 150 words. A manuscript written in Indonesian should begin with the English abstract, while an English manuscript should begin with the Indonesian abstract. Include three to five representative keywords.

Introduction TNR 12, Bold, Uppercase, Justified

The introduction consists of six paragraphs, with three to five sentences in each paragraph. The first paragraph presents the relevant general, philosophical, juridical, and/or sociological background. The second discusses the state of the art, gap analysis, research contribution, and novelty statement. The third explains the urgency of the research. The fourth identifies the legal issue. The fifth explains the research method. The sixth states the research objective directly and clearly.

Each paragraph should use a five-character first-line indent, Times New Roman 12, and 1.5 spacing. Legal problems must be presented in paragraph form without numbering or bullet points.

Results and Discussion TNR 12, Bold, Uppercase, Justified

This section should not contain raw conceptual definitions, lists of concept types, extensive quotations, or raw data. It must explain: first, what was found and how it was found, supported by a table or figure and its interpretation; second, why the findings occurred and how they relate to theories or hypotheses; and third, how the findings support or contradict previous studies.

Each legal issue should be discussed in a separate subsection. Use Times New Roman 12, 1.5 spacing, and a five-character first-line indent.

Conclusion TNR 12, Bold, Uppercase, Justified

The conclusion provides a concise answer to the formulated legal problems and emphasizes the novelty and urgency of the research. Write it in paragraph form without numbering or bullet points. The number of conclusion paragraphs should correspond to the number of issues discussed.

Suggestions, if applicable TNR 12, Bold, Uppercase, Justified

Recommendations should be directly relevant to the legal issues examined. Present them in paragraph form without numbering or bullet points.

Bibliography Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition

References must be classified into primary sources, including journals and proceedings, and supporting sources such as books, theses, dissertations, and credible internet materials. Include at least 30 references, preferably published within the last five years. Primary references must constitute at least 80 percent of the total. Only cited works may appear in the bibliography. Author names must be written without academic titles. JUSTNESS uses the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition, full-note system, arranged alphabetically. Authors must manage references with Mendeley.